{"id":13987,"date":"2019-09-03T13:33:27","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T20:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=13987"},"modified":"2019-09-16T14:16:13","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T21:16:13","slug":"minireview-demystifying-microbial-reaction-energetics","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/publication\/minireview-demystifying-microbial-reaction-energetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Minireview: demystifying microbial reaction energetics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The biology literature is rife with misleading information on how to quantify catabolic reaction energetics. The principal misconception is that the sign and value of the\u00a0<i>standard<\/i> Gibbs energy (<i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub><sup><i>0<\/i><\/sup>) define the direction and energy yield of a reaction; they do not. <i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub><sup><i>0<\/i><\/sup>\u00a0is one part of the\u00a0<i>actual<\/i>\u00a0Gibbs energy of a reaction (<i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub>), with a second part accounting for deviations from the standard composition. It is also frequently assumed that <i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub><sup><i>0<\/i><\/sup> applies only to 25 \u00b0C and 1 bar; it does not. <i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub><sup><i>0<\/i><\/sup>\u00a0is a function of temperature and pressure. Here, we review how to determine\u00a0<i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0as a function of temperature, pressure and chemical composition for microbial catabolic reactions, including a discussion of the effects of ionic strength on\u00a0<i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0and highlighting the large effects when multi\u2010valent ions are part of the reaction. We also calculate\u00a0<i>\u0394G<\/i><sub><i>r<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0for five example catabolisms at specific environmental conditions: aerobic respiration of glucose in freshwater, anaerobic respiration of acetate in marine sediment, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in a laboratory batch reactor, anaerobic ammonia oxidation in a wastewater reactor and aerobic pyrite oxidation in acid mine drainage. These examples serve as templates to determine the energy yields of other catabolic reactions at environmentally relevant conditions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","tags":[],"publication_type":[19],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/13987"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13987"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=13987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}