{"id":12863,"date":"2018-09-04T12:45:29","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T19:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=12863"},"modified":"2018-09-17T13:05:24","modified_gmt":"2018-09-17T20:05:24","slug":"elemental-sulfur-reduction-in-the-deep-sea-vent-thermophile-thermovibrio-ammonificans","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/publication\/elemental-sulfur-reduction-in-the-deep-sea-vent-thermophile-thermovibrio-ammonificans\/","title":{"rendered":"Elemental sulfur reduction in the deep-sea vent thermophile, Thermovibrio ammonificans"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The reduction of elemental sulfur is an important energy\u2010conserving pathway in prokaryotes inhabiting geothermal environments, where sulfur respiration contributes to sulfur biogeochemical cycling. Despite this, the pathways through which elemental sulfur is reduced to hydrogen sulfide remain unclear in most microorganisms. We integrated growth experiments using\u00a0<i>Thermovibrio ammonificans<\/i>, a deep\u2010sea vent thermophile that conserves energy from the oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of both nitrate and elemental sulfur, with comparative transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, coupled with scanning electron microscopy. Our results revealed that two members of the FAD\u2010dependent pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductase family, similar to sulfide\u2010quinone reductase and to NADH\u2010dependent sulfur reductase (NSR), respectively, are over\u2010expressed during sulfur respiration. Scanning electron micrographs and sulfur sequestration experiments indicated that direct access of\u00a0<i>T. ammonificans<\/i>\u00a0to sulfur particles strongly promoted growth. The sulfur metabolism of\u00a0<i>T. ammonificans<\/i>\u00a0appears to require abiotic transition from bulk elemental sulfur to polysulfide to nanoparticulate sulfur at an acidic pH, coupled to biological hydrogen oxidation. A coupled biotic\u2010abiotic mechanism for sulfur respiration is put forward, mediated by an NSR\u2010like protein as the terminal reductase.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","tags":[],"publication_type":[19],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/12863"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12863"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.darkenergybiosphere.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=12863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}