URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/529026
Download URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/529026/data/download
Media Type text/tab-separated-values
Created September 30, 2014
Modified February 13, 2017
State Final no updates expected
Brief Description

Chemical composition of diffuse flow vent fluids collected from Crab Spa, 9N on the East Pacific Rise

Acquisition Description

These samples were collected with Isobaric-Gas-Tight samplers and processed onboard R/V Atlantis. The IGT samplers were deployed by Dr. Jeff Seewald from WHOI. Chemical analysis of the major cation/anion species was conducted at the Geophysical Lab, Carnegie Institution of Washington 

Processing Description

BCO-DMO Processing:

  • added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
  • added lat, lon, date columns
  • renamed parameters to BCO-DMO standard
  • sorted by date
  • reformated date from m/d/yyyy to yyyy-mm-dd

Instruments

Ion Chromatograph [Ion Chromatograph]
Details
Instance Description (Ion Chromatograph)

Metrohm/Dionex, for cation and anion species.

Ion chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography that measures concentrations of ionic species by separating them based on their interaction with a resin. Ionic species separate differently depending on species type and size. Ion chromatographs are able to measure concentrations of major anions, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate, as well as major cations such as lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range. (from http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/ic.html)

Details

Isobaric Gas Tight (IGT) samplers, designed and built by scientists and engineers at WHOI, are titanium instruments designed to be used with deep submergence vehicles to sample corrosive hydrothermal vent fluids at high temperature and high pressure. The IGT prevents the sampled fluid from degassing as pressure decreases during the vehicle’s ascent to the surface.

Parameters

date [date]
Details
date

sampling date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

site [site]
Details
site
sample location
Sampling site identification.
lat [latitude]
Details
lat
latitude; north is positive

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

lon [longitude]
Details
lon
longitude; east is positive

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

sample [sample]
Details
sample
sample identification

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

Cl [unknown]
Details
Cl
chloride ion concentration
association with a community-wide standard parameter is not yet defined
Cl_stdev [standard deviation]
Details
Cl_stdev
chloride ion concentration standard deviation
Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.
SO4 [SO4]
Details
SO4
sulfate concentration

Concentration of sulfate (SO4) per unit volume

SO4_stdev [standard deviation]
Details
SO4_stdev
sulfate concentration standard deviation
Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.
Na [Na]
Details
Na
sodium ion concentration

Sodium (Na). Concentrations may be reported in parts per million, nanomoles per liter, or other units. Refer to dataset metadata for units.

K [K]
Details
K
potassium ion concentration

K (potassium) concentration. May be reported in parts per million, nanomoles/Liter, or other units. Refer to dataset metadata for units.

Mg [Mg]
Details
Mg
magnesium ion concentration

Mg (magnesium) concentration. May be reported in parts per million, nanomoles/Liter, or other units. Refer to dataset metadata for units.

Ca [Ca]
Details
Ca
calcium ion concentration

Calcium (Ca). Concentrations may be reported in parts per million, nanomoles per liter, or other units. Refer to dataset metadata for units.

depth [depth]
Details
depth

depth where sample was taken

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.


When used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

Dataset Maintainers

NameAffiliationContact
Dionysis I. FoustoukosCarnegie Institution for Science (CIS)
Nancy CopleyCarnegie Institution for Science (CIS)

BCO-DMO Project Info

Project Title An Integrated Study of Energy Metabolism, Carbon Fixation, and Colonization Mechanisms in Chemosynthetic Microbial Communities at Deep-Sea Vents
Acronym Microbial Communities at Deep-Sea Vents
URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/project/2216
Created June 11, 2012
Modified June 11, 2012
Project Description

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents, first discovered in 1977, are poster child ecosystems where microbial chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis is the primary source of organic carbon. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying microbiology and biogeochemistry of these fascinating ecosystems. Missing are the identification of specific microorganisms mediating critical reactions in various geothermal systems, metabolic pathways used by the microbes, rates of the catalyzed reactions, amounts of organic carbon being produced, and the larger role of these ecosystems in global biogeochemical cycles. To fill these gaps, the investigators will conduct a 3-year interdisciplinary, international hypothesis-driven research program to understand microbial processes and their quantitative importance at deep-sea vents. Specifically, the investigators will address the following objectives: 1. Determine key relationships between the taxonomic, genetic and functional diversity, as well as the mechanisms of energy and carbon transfer, in deep-sea hydrothermal vent microbial communities. 2. Identify the predominant metabolic pathways and thus the main energy sources driving chemoautotrophic production in high and low temperature diffuse flow vents. 3. Determine energy conservation efficiency and rates of aerobic and anaerobic chemosynthetic primary productivity in high and low temperature diffuse flow vents. 4. Determine gene expression patterns in diffuse-flow vent microbial communities during attachment to substrates and the development of biofilms.

Integration: To address these objectives and to characterize the complexity of microbially-catalyzed processes at deep-sea vents at a qualitatively new level, we will pursue an integrated approach that couples an assessment of taxonomic diversity using cultivation-dependent and -independent approaches with methodologies that address genetic diversity, including a) metagenomics (genetic potential and diversity of community), b) single cell genomics (genetic potential and diversity of uncultured single cells), c) meta-transcriptomics and -proteomics (identification and function of active community members, realized potential of the community). To assess function and response to the environment, these approaches will be combined with 1) measurement of in situ rates of chemoautotrophic production, 2) geochemical characterization of microbial habitats, and 3) shipboard incubations under simulated in situ conditions (hypothesis testing under controlled physicochemical conditions). Network approaches and mathematical simulation will be used to reconstruct the metabolic network of the natural communities. A 3-day long project meeting towards the end of the second year will take place in Woods Hole. This Data Integration and Synthesis meeting will allow for progress reports and presentations from each PI, postdoc, and/or student, with the aim of synthesizing data generated to facilitate the preparation of manuscripts.

Intellectual Merit. Combining the community expression profile with diversity and metagenomic analyses as well as process and habitat characterization will be unique to hydrothermal vent microbiology. The approach will provide new insights into the functioning of deep-sea vent microbial communities and the constraints regulating the interactions between the microbes and their abiotic and biotic environment, ultimately enabling us to put these systems into a quantitative framework and thus a larger global context.

Broader Impacts. This is an interdisciplinary and collaborative effort between 4 US and 4 foreign institutions, creating unique opportunities for networking and fostering international collaborations. This will also benefit the involved students (2 graduate, several undergraduate) and 2 postdoctoral associates. This project will directly contribute to many educational and public outreach activities of the involved PIs, including the WHOI Dive & Discover program; single cell genomics workshops and Cafe Scientifique (Bigelow); REU (WHOI, Bigelow, CIW); COSEE and RIOS (Rutgers), and others. The proposed research fits with the focus of a number of multidisciplinary and international initiatives, in which PIs are active members (SCOR working group on Hydrothermal energy and the ocean carbon cycle, http://www.scorint. org/Working_Groups/wg135.htm; Deep Carbon Observatory at CIW, https://dco.gl.ciw.edu/; Global Biogeochemical Flux (GBF) component of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI), http://www.whoi.edu/GBF-OOI/page.do?pid=41475)

Data Project Maintainers
NameAffiliationRole
Stefan M. SievertWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)Lead Principal Investigator
Costantino VetrianiRutgers UniversityPrincipal Investigator
Dionysis I. FoustoukosCarnegie Institution for Science (CIS)Principal Investigator
Ramunas StepanauskasBigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesPrincipal Investigator
Craig TaylorWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)Co-Principal Investigator
Jeffrey S. SeewaldMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPI)International Collaborator
Nadine Le BrisUniversity of GreifswaldInternational Collaborator
Niculina MusatShanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)International Collaborator
Thomas SchwederLaboratoire d'Écogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB)International Collaborator
Fengping WangWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)Co-Principal Investigator
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