URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/780255
Created October 30, 2019
Modified February 11, 2020
State Final no updates expected

Acquisition Description

The FastDNA kit from MP Biomedicals (Irvine, CA, USA) was used for all DNA extractions following manufacturers instructions with the exception of using a Retsch MM 400 shaker (frequency 20 r/S for 5 min) instead of vortexing as described in detail elsewhere (DAngelo, 2019). From the Echem and Fluid samples, the ITO swab end was cut into a sterile plastic tube and subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle (8 min at -80C then thawing at room temperature for 10 min or until ice barely melted into water) before transferring into a FastDNA kit tube for DNA extraction. For the Shipboard and NP12 samples, 0.232 g/l polyadenine (polyA, final concentration) was added to the sample at the first step to increase DNA yield from low biomass samples. For each batch of samples extracted, a no template control (NTC) was included as a check for contamination. DNA concentrations were measured by Q-bit Fluorometer 3.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA) using the Qubit HS dsDNA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA) according to manufacturer instructions. Aliquots of DNA extracts were sent to the Integrated Microbiome Resource facility at Dalhousie University (Halifax, Canada) for sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene via Illumina Mi-Seq technology using the 515F/926R primer pair. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq using 300 300 bp paired-end V3 chemistry. Raw sequenced reads were processed at the same time as sequenced reads from mineral incubation experiments taken from the same environments, as well as additional no-template-control samples (data not shown, but full data available at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive BioProject PRJNA564565 samples SAMN12723399-489), using modifications of the standard DADA2 pipeline Version 1.12 to construct unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). This was done to directly link ASVs between the two datasets and to give the DADA2 algorithm the most possible data to use for sequence inference. Thirty base-pairs were trimmed off of the start of each read, forward reads were truncated at 250 base-pairs, and reverse reads were truncated at 200 base-pairs. This allowed for 50 BP of overlap for the forward and reverse reads to be merged after sequence inference. Approximately 100 million bases from ~500K reads were used by DADA2 to infer the base-call error rates in the data. Inference of ASVs, merging of forward and reverse reads, and chimera removal resulted in 2,011 ASVs ranging from 345 360 BP in length. These sequences were assigned taxonomy by the nave Bayesian classifier built into the DADA2 package using the Silva v132 database. Scripts used to process the data are available via github.

Instruments

Retsch MM 400 shaker [Shaker]
Details

A Shaker is a piece of lab equipment used to mix, blend, or to agitate substances in tube(s) or flask(s) by shaking them, which is mainly used in the fields of chemistry and biology. A shaker contains an oscillating board which is used to place the flasks, beakers, test tubes, etc.

Q-bit Fluorometer 3.0 [Fluorometer]
Details
Instance Description (Q-bit Fluorometer 3.0)

Q-bit Fluorometer 3.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA USA)

A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.

Illumina MiSeq [Automated DNA Sequencer]
Details
Instance Description (Illumina MiSeq)

Aliquots of DNA extracts were sent to the Integrated Microbiome Resource facility at Dalhousie University (Halifax, Canada) for sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene via Illumina Mi-Seq technology using the 515F/926R primer pair. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq using 300  300 bp paired-end V3 chemistry.

General term for a laboratory instrument used for deciphering the order of bases in a strand of DNA. Sanger sequencers detect fluorescence from different dyes that are used to identify the A, C, G, and T extension reactions. Contemporary or Pyrosequencer methods are based on detecting the activity of DNA polymerase (a DNA synthesizing enzyme) with another chemoluminescent enzyme. Essentially, the method allows sequencing of a single strand of DNA by synthesizing the complementary strand along it, one base pair at a time, and detecting which base was actually added at each step.

Parameters

Dataset Maintainers

NameAffiliationContact
Beth N. OrcuttBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Timothy D'AngeloBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Amber YorkBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Amber YorkBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Amber YorkWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)

BCO-DMO Project Info

Project Title Collaborative Research: Completing North Pond Borehole Experiments to Elucidate the Hydrology of Young, Slow-Spread Crust
Acronym North Pond 2017
URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/project/707762
Created July 5, 2017
Modified July 5, 2017
Project Description

NSF Award Abstract:
Seawater circulates through the upper part of the oceanic crust much like groundwater flows through continental aquifers. However, in the ocean this seawater circulation, many times heated by buried magmatic bodies, transports and releases 25% of the Earth’s heat. The rate of fluid flow through ocean crust is estimated to be equal to the amount of water delivered by rivers to the ocean. Much of what we know of this subseafloor fluid flow comes from studies in the eastern Pacific Ocean on ocean crust created by medium and fast spreading mid-ocean ridges. These studies indicate that seawater and its circulation through the seafloor significantly impact crustal evolution and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean and affect the biosphere in ways that are just now beginning to be quantified and understood. To expand this understanding, this research focuses on fluid flow of seafloor generated by slow spreading ridges, like those in the Atlantic, Indian and Arctic Oceans because it is significantly different in structure, mineralogy, and morphology than that formed at fast and intermediate spreading ridges. This research returns to North Pond, a long-term; seafloor; fluid flow monitoring site, drilled and instumented by the Ocean Drilling Program in the Atlantic Ocean. This research site was punctured by boreholes in which fluid flow and geochemical and biological samplers have been deployed for a number of years to collect data and samples. It also provides resources for shipboard and on-shore geochemical and biological analysis. Broader impacts of the work include sensor and technology development, which increases infrastructure for science and has commercial applications. It also provides training for students and the integration of education and research at three US academic institutions, one of which is an EPSCoR state (Mississippi), and supports a PI whose gender is under-represented in sciences and engineering. Public outreach will be carried out in conjunction with the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations.

This project completes a long-term biogeochemical and hydrologic study of ridge flank hydrothermal processes on slow-spreading, 8 million year old crust on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The site, North Pond, is an isolated northeast-trending sediment pond, bounded by undersea mountains that have been studied since the 1970s. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 336 in 2011 and an expedition five months later (2012), sensors, samplers, and experiments were deployed in four borehole observatories drilled into the seafloor that penetrated into volcanic crust, with the purpose of monitoring changes in hydrologic properties, crustal fluid composition and mineral alteration, among other objectives. Wellhead sampling in 2012 and 2014 already revealed changes in crustal fluid compositions; and associated pressure data confirm that the boreholes are sealed and overpressured, reflecting a change in the formation as the boreholes recover from drilling disturbances. This research includes a 13-day oceanographic expedition and use of on-site robotically operated vehicles to recover downhole instrument packages at North Pond. It will allow the sampling of crustal fluids, recovering pressure data, and measuring fluid flow rates. Ship- and shore-based analyses will be used to address fundamental questions related to the hydrogeology of hydrothermal processes on slow-spread crust.

Data Project Maintainers
NameAffiliationRole
Beth N. OrcuttBigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesLead Principal Investigator
Charles Geoffrey WheatUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF-IMS)Principal Investigator
Keir BeckerUniversity of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (UM-RSMAS)Principal Investigator