| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/637804 |
|---|---|
| Download URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/637804/data/download |
| Media Type | text/tab-separated-values |
| Created | February 3, 2016 |
| Modified | August 19, 2016 |
| Brief Description | The acetate and inorganic carbon uptake rates as determined via stable isotopic tracers; data generated using the formation fluids recovered from the CORKs installed at the North Pond in 2012. |
To determine potential rates of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism within crustal aquifer fluids and deep Atlantic bottom water, fluids were incubated with either 13C-labeled bicarbonate (autotrophy) or 13C-labeled acetate (heterotrophy). For this, 20 mL of freshly sampled fluids were injected into sterile, butyl stoppered Balch tubes using a 60 mL syringe and hypodermic needle using sterile technique. Overpressure was released by insertion of a second hypodermic needle. The tubes were pre-amended with a mix of either unlabeled bicarbonate and 10% 13C-labeled bicarbonate (to a final concentration of 1.8 mM NaHCO3 and 0.2 mM NaH13CO3) or unlabeled acetate and 10% 13C-labeled acetate (to a final concentration of 13.5 uM C2H3NaO2 and 1.5 uM 13C2H3NaO2). All tubes were additionally amended with resarzurin (20 uM final concentration) in order to follow the change in redox potential as a result of oxygen consumption throughout the incubation period. Sterile controls were set up as described above but with an additional filter (0.2 um pore size) inserted between the syringe outlet and the hypodermic needle. Tubes were incubated in the dark at either 5 or 25 degrees C. Incubations were stopped at distinct time intervals by addition of either 0.5 mL of a 1 M NaOH solution (for incubations with bicarbonate) or 5 mL of a 20% zinc acetate solution (for incubations with acetate). Tubes were stored at –20 degrees C until further processing.
For analysis of 13C-labeled biomass, tubes were thawed and the residual pool of bicarbonate or acetate was removed by acidification to a pH of 2 by adding 25% HCl (molecular grade) while stirring and sparging with N2 for at least 30 minutes. The entire volume was then filtered through a pre-combusted glass fiber filter (25mm diameter, 0.7 um particle retention, Whatman, UK). The filters were dried in a desiccator overnight and stored at 5 degrees C until further processing. Filters were weighed into tin capsules and analyzed for 13C/12C ratios with an automated Isotope Cube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany) interfaced to a Delta Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo, Germany). Rates of potential autotrophic metabolism (carbon fixation from 13C-labeled bicarbonate) and heterotrophic metabolism (degradation of 13C-labeled acetate) were calculated from δ13C of the carbon pool on the filters at the start and the end of the incubations (time intervals of not more than 13 days). For this, the transfer of 13C between pools was calculated, according to the following equation:
δBiomass-Final · CBiomass-Final ·VFinal = (CBiomass-Initial · V · δBiomass-Initial) + (CTransferred· V · δLabel)
where δ is the isotopic ratio ((Rsample/ Rstandard –1) · 1000), V is the volume of the incubation (20mL) and C is the concentration of carbon pool. For incubations with 13C-labeled bicarbonate we assumed a concentration of 2.3 mM endogenous dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in addition to the added mix of 13C-labeled bicarbonate, thus decreasing the amount of label in the substrate pool. For incubations with 13C-labeled acetate we assumed a concentration of 150 uM endogenous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in addition to the added 13C-labeled acetate.
Comments from Middlestead lab in re: C-contet:
1) Due to the nature of the samples (on ggf), and the small quantities being analysed, the standard deviation is higher than normal.
2) Nitrogen data is included where the peak size is at about the minimum. This data should not actually be used.
3) The quantities of N and C are not as accurate as on an EA-only run.
4) Even the standards start to have homogeneity issues at this level.
Blind std C-55: C13: -28.3; n = 2; std dev = 0.90. Expected value to date = -28.50
BCO-DMO Processing:
– Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
– Replaced spaces with underscores;
– Moved incubation_duration from comment to a column;
– Created notes column for additional comments;
– Replaced blanks with ‘nd’ (ie. in the ‘Background control’ row).
Filters were weighed into tin capsules and analyzed for 13C/ 12C ratios with an automated Isotope Cube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany) interfaced to a Delta Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo, Germany).
Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material.
Filters were weighed into tin capsules and analyzed for 13C/ 12C ratios with an automated Isotope Cube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Germany) interfaced to a Delta Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo, Germany).
unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent
Arbitrary time point of sampling in a sampling sequence (T0, T1,....Tn)
| Name | Affiliation | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | |
| Julie A. Huber | Harvard University | |
| Brian T. Glazer | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Beate Kraft | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) |
| Project Title | Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling |
|---|---|
| Acronym | North Pond Microbes |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/554914 |
| Created | April 3, 2015 |
| Modified | August 29, 2019 |
Description from NSF award abstract:
Current estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories.
The project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives:
1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period.
2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond.
3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities.
Specific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans.
There are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie A. Huber | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | Lead Principal Investigator |
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | Principal Investigator |
| Brian T. Glazer | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | Principal Investigator |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630362 |
|---|---|
| Download URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630362/data/download |
| Media Type | text/tab-separated-values |
| Created | December 30, 2015 |
| Modified | August 19, 2016 |
| Brief Description | Dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen from the formation fluids recovered from the CORKs installed at the North Pond in 2012. |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured by high temperature (680 ºC) combustion using a Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer at the SOEST Laboratory for Analytical Biogeochemistry, University of Hawaii. Samples analyzed include those filtered in situ for crustal fluids as well as the CTD samples filtered on deck. Samples were acidified to pH <2 within the autosampler syringe and were purged with nitrogen to remove inorganic carbon. Five to six replicate analyses were performed using an injected sample volume of 150 μL. The detection limits of DOC and TDN were about 2 and 1.5 uM, respectively. Two consensus reference materials CRM, from University of Miami, deep seawater and low carbon water, were used extensively before, between, and after sample analysis to monitor analytical accuracy. The analytical reproducibility for DOC and TDN is better than 1.1 uM and 460 0.2 uM, respectively, by repeated analysis of four deep seawater CRM.
BCO-DMO Processing:
– Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
– Replaced commas with semi-colons;
– Replaced spaces with underscores;
– Added cruise id numbers.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured by high temperature (680 degrees C) combustion using a Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer at the SOEST Laboratory for Analytical Biogeochemistry, University of Hawaii.
A Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.
Developed by Shimadzu, the 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method is now used worldwide. One of its most important features is the capacity to efficiently oxidize hard-to-decompose organic compounds, including insoluble and macromolecular organic compounds. The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method has been adopted for the TOC-L series.
http://www.shimadzu.com/an/toc/lab/toc-l2.html
UH_Cowen identification number.
unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent
date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)
The concentration of nitrogen remaining in a seawater sample after all particulate nitrogen has been removed by filtration. See dataset for units (may be micromoles/kilogram or micromolar).
| Name | Affiliation | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | |
| Julie A. Huber | Harvard University | |
| Brian T. Glazer | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Beate Kraft | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) |
| Project Title | Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling |
|---|---|
| Acronym | North Pond Microbes |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/554914 |
| Created | April 3, 2015 |
| Modified | August 29, 2019 |
Description from NSF award abstract:
Current estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories.
The project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives:
1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period.
2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond.
3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities.
Specific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans.
There are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie A. Huber | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | Lead Principal Investigator |
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | Principal Investigator |
| Brian T. Glazer | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | Principal Investigator |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630335 |
|---|---|
| Download URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630335/data/download |
| Media Type | text/tab-separated-values |
| Created | December 30, 2015 |
| Modified | August 19, 2016 |
| Brief Description | Particulate organic carbon from the formation fluids recovered from the CORKs installed at the North Pond in 2012. |
Carbon and nitrogen concentrations of particulate organic matter were measured by the Biogeochemical Stable Isotope Facility at School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. A few drops of sulfurous acid (6-9 % of H2SO3) were added to wet the filter and to remove inorganic carbon from the filter. The acidified filters were transferred to a 60 degree C oven for 24 hours. The dried filters were then transferred into a tin capsule before placing within a high temperature combustion CN elemental analyzer (Costech, ECS 4010) connected in-line with a Mass Spectrometer (ThermoFinnigan Delta XP interfaced with a ConFloIV) for analysis of their organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions. The detection limit for carbon and nitrogen content is 10 ug-C and 0.3 ug-N, respectively. The limit for reliable carbon and nitrogen isotopic determination is 10 ug-C and 10 ug-N, respectively.
BCO-DMO Processing:
– Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
– Replaced “n.a.” with “nd” to indicate “no data”;
– Replaced “u.d.” with “bel_det” to indiacte “below detection”;
– Replaced commas with semi-colons;
– Replaced spaces with underscores;
– Added cruise id numbers.
The dried filters were then transferred into a tin capsule before placing within a high temperature combustion CN elemental analyzer (Costech, ECS 4010) connected in-line with a Mass Spectrometer (ThermoFinnigan Delta XP interfaced with a ConFloIV) for analysis of their organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions.
Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material.
The dried filters were then transferred into a tin capsule before placing within a high temperature combustion CN elemental analyzer (Costech, ECS 4010) connected in-line with a Mass Spectrometer (ThermoFinnigan Delta XP interfaced with a ConFloIV) for analysis of their organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions.
Sampling site name. The nomenclature refers to the IODP hole and formation horizon. For example, U1383C-shallow means the fluids came from IODP CORK drillhole 1383C in the shallowest accessible porewater horizon.
delta 15N
delta 13C
volume of water filtered; in this form generally applies to the volume of water filtered during plankton tows; however; this parameter name is also used for a variety of non plankton sampling and the units can vary, e.g. US JGOFS EqPac Bishop MULVFS sampler vol_filt is reported in liters.
Particulate Organic Carbon. Units may be micrograms/Liter, milligrams/Liter or milligrams/meter^3
| Name | Affiliation | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | |
| Julie A. Huber | Harvard University | |
| Brian T. Glazer | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Beate Kraft | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) |
| Project Title | Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling |
|---|---|
| Acronym | North Pond Microbes |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/554914 |
| Created | April 3, 2015 |
| Modified | August 29, 2019 |
Description from NSF award abstract:
Current estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories.
The project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives:
1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period.
2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond.
3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities.
Specific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans.
There are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie A. Huber | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | Lead Principal Investigator |
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | Principal Investigator |
| Brian T. Glazer | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | Principal Investigator |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630314 |
|---|---|
| Download URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630314/data/download |
| Media Type | text/tab-separated-values |
| Created | December 29, 2015 |
| Modified | August 19, 2016 |
| Brief Description | Net oxygen consumption rates of the fluids recovered from the CORKs installed at the North Pond in 2014. |
To determine potential rates of oxygen consumption, 20 mL of freshly sampled fluids were incubated in sterile, combusted serum vials. For this, fluids were injected into the butyl stoppered serum vials using a 60 mL syringe and hypodermic needle using sterile technique. Overpressure was released by insertion of a second hypodermic needle. Oxygen was monitored optically via optical sensor spots (Presens) mounted to the inner wall of the vials. Fluids not containing particles >3 um diameter and sterile controls were set up as described above but with an additional filter (3 um and 0.2 um pore size respectively) inserted between the syringe outlet and the hypodermic needle. Tubes were incubated in the dark at 5 degrees C.
BCO-DMO Processing:
– Transposed original table so that parameter names are columns, rather than rows;
– Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
– Replaced blanks (missing data) with ‘nd’ to indicate ‘no data’;
– Added year and cruise id numbers;
– Corrected longitude value of bottom seawater sample from positive to negative.
Oxygen was monitored optically via optical sensor spots (Presens) mounted to the inner wall of the vials.
Site identifier. The nomenclature refers to the IODP hole and formation horizon. For example, U1383C-shallow means the fluids came from IODP CORK drillhole 1383C in the shallowest accessible porewater horizon.
date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)
latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes
longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes
| Name | Affiliation | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | |
| Julie A. Huber | Harvard University | |
| Brian T. Glazer | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Beate Kraft | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) |
| Project Title | Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling |
|---|---|
| Acronym | North Pond Microbes |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/554914 |
| Created | April 3, 2015 |
| Modified | August 29, 2019 |
Description from NSF award abstract:
Current estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories.
The project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives:
1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period.
2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond.
3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities.
Specific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans.
There are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie A. Huber | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | Lead Principal Investigator |
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | Principal Investigator |
| Brian T. Glazer | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | Principal Investigator |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630288 |
|---|---|
| Download URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/630288/data/download |
| Media Type | text/tab-separated-values |
| Created | December 29, 2015 |
| Modified | August 19, 2016 |
| Brief Description | Microbial cell counts derived from the formation fluids recovered from the CORKs installed at the North Pond in 2012 and 2014. |
Whole formation fluids and bottom seawater were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for cell counts. Up to 19.8 ml of fixed fluids were filtered onto a 0.2 um GTBP polycarbonate filter (Millipore), stained with DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole; Sigma), and counted via epiflourescent microscopy. For fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cells were filtered onto 0.2 um GTTP polycarbonate filters (Millipore) and fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde, rinsed with milliQ H2O, air dried and stored at –20 degrees C until further use. Cells on filters were hybridized with HRP-labeled 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes EUB338, ARCH915 and NON338(Biomers GmbH, Ulm, Germany), and the signal was amplified as described elsewhere using Alexa 488® tyramides (Invitrogen). The permeabilization step of the protocol before probe hybridization was modified, such that the cells on the filters were first permeabilized with Proteinase K (0.005 U ul –1 in 0.05 M EDTA, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, at pH 8) for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. Filters were then washed in 50 ml 1X PBS at room temperature, followed by a second permeabilization treatment with Lysozyme (10^6 U ml–1, in 0.05 M EDTA, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, at pH 8) for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. After signal amplification, all cells were counterstained with DAPI and counted via epiflourescent microscopy.
BCO-DMO Processing:
– Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
– Replaced blanks (missing data) with ‘nd’ to indicate ‘no data’;
– Added cruise id numbers.
Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments.
Year-month-day.
date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)
Sample identifier. The nomenclature refers to the IODP hole and formation horizon. For example, U1383C-shallow means the fluids came from IODP CORK drillhole 1383C in the shallowest accessible porewater horizon.
unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent
latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes
longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes
Cell count.
| Name | Affiliation | Contact |
|---|---|---|
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | |
| Julie A. Huber | Harvard University | |
| Brian T. Glazer | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Beate Kraft | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | |
| Shannon Rauch | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) |
| Project Title | Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling |
|---|---|
| Acronym | North Pond Microbes |
| URL | https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/554914 |
| Created | April 3, 2015 |
| Modified | August 29, 2019 |
Description from NSF award abstract:
Current estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories.
The project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives:
1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period.
2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond.
3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities.
Specific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans.
There are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie A. Huber | Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) | Lead Principal Investigator |
| Peter R. Girguis | Harvard University | Principal Investigator |
| Brian T. Glazer | University of Hawaii at Manoa (SOEST) | Principal Investigator |
Oceanic crust is the largest aquifer on Earth, with a massive volume of seawater advecting through the crust. In contrast to high-temperature ridge axis and ridge flank hydrothermal systems, little is known about the geochemistry and microbiology of low-temperature ridge flanks systems. Such systems are globally abundant and thus may have a major influence on oceanic geochemistry. The microbiome of these deep marine subsurface habitats has been estimated to be substantial, and consequently microbial metabolic activity may have major influences on global element cycles. Nevertheless, information on the microbial ecophysiology is broadly missing. In order to address this question, venting fluids were sampled at the Dorado outcrop and crustal fluids were sampled from two neighboring CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) observatories at the North Pond sediment pond. This study provides potential respiration rates and assesses the fraction of actively protein synthesizing microbes within the microbial community in low-temperature crustal fluids. Furthermore, these data provide a first insight into the microbial conversion of sulfur and nitrogen species at low-temperature ridge flanks.
