URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/685418
Download URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/685418/data/download
Media Type text/tab-separated-values
Created March 22, 2017
Modified August 30, 2018
State Preliminary and in progress
Brief Description

Geochemistry measurements from the Strytan Hydrothermal Field

Acquisition Description

Samples were collected from 3 sites: Big Strytan, Arnarnasstrytan, and Hrisey (see lat/lon below). SCUBA diving was utilized to collect vent fluids and hydrothermal precipitates. Vent fluids for geochemistry were sampled in sterile 60 ml syringes. The first 20 ml was discarded to decrease the amount of seawater contamination during sampling. Vent fluid sampling for dissolved gases consisted of 2 methods: 1) the “syringe-to- syringe” method (STS), and 2) the “syringe-to-bottle” method (STB). The STS method consisted of pulling 40 ml of vent fluid at the end of a dive, transporting it back to the lab, and equilibrating the fluid with 20 ml of purified N2. The gas was then injected into Cali-5-Bond gas sampling bags for transport prior to analysis by GC. The STB method consisted of pulling a known volume of vent fluid (typically 40 ml) into a syringe, and immediately injecting into a 60 ml N2-flushed, evacuated, serum bottle.

Temperatures were measured in situ using a temperature probe. The pH/ORP/Conductivity/TDS were measured on shore using a Myron-L field pH meter.  Samples for analysis of major cations and trace elements (Na, B, Mg, Si, K, Ca, Al, As, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo, and W) were preserved in the field by filtering (0.2 um) and acidification with 0.1% ultrapure HNO3, and measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Processing Description

BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
* blank values replaced with no data value ‘nd’
* location names, latitude, and longitude added
* added comments in the data to note where data from literature used and provide source
* remove plus symbols from ORP

Instruments

temperature probe [Water Temperature Sensor]
Details
General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer).
Myron-L field pH [pH Sensor]
Details
Instance Description (Myron-L field pH)

pH/ORP/Conductivity/TDS were measured on shore using a Myron-L field pH meter.

General term for an instrument that measures the pH or how acidic or basic a solution is.
Instance Description

spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 670 nm

An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples.

inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer]
Details
An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

Parameters

site [site]
Details
site
Site code; see acquisition description
Sampling site identification.
sample [sample]
Details
sample
Sample description

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

date [date]
Details
date
Date of sample in format yyyy-mm-dd

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

lat [latitude]
Details
lat

Latitude of sampling site

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

lon [longitude]
Details
lon

Longitude of sampling site; west is negative

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

Dataset Maintainers

NameAffiliationContact
Roy E. PriceStony Brook University (SUNY Stony Brook)
Jan P. AmendStony Brook University (SUNY Stony Brook)
Amber YorkUniversity of Southern California (USC)
Amber YorkUniversity of Southern California (USC)
Amber YorkWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)

BCO-DMO Project Info

Project Title A Lost City-type hydrothermal system in readily accessible, shallow water
Acronym Lost City-type hydrothermal system
URLhttps://www.bco-dmo.org/project/636348
Created January 22, 2016
Modified January 22, 2016
Project Description

The Strytan Hydrothermal Field (SHF; Eyjafjord, northern Iceland) exhibits alkaline (pH ~ 10), hot (up to 78 degrees C), submarine hydrothermal venting, resulting in the formation of numerous saponite towers. We performed a detailed geochemical and microbiological characterization of hydrothermal fluids and precipitates from the site. End-member calculations revealed elevated concentrations of many major and trace elements (e.g., 2.4 mM Na, 3 to 27 uM K, 40 to 120 uM Ca, 10 to 25 uM B, and overall high concentrations of trace elements). We hypothesize that recharge of meteoric water occurs in the mountains south of Eyjafjord, and low temperature alteration of plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine in basalt, and precipitation of calcite, occurs in a closed system. This explains the observed high pH, variable Ca concentrations, and low DIC. CH4, H2, and CO concentrations were all elevated relative to normal seawater (up to 1.41, 5.19, and 0.13 uM, respectively), and a range of δ13C-CH4 was measured. Weathering of pyroxene may produce H2, which combines with CO2 to form abiotic CH4. The abiotic production of H2 and CH4 in a site such as the SHF broadens the range of potential origin of life environments significantly. Intact polar lipids indicate Bacteria dominated all samples except one. Up to 50% of the lipids at this site were archaeal. Bacterial clone sequences were dominated by betaproteobacteria (Dechloromonas sp.), followed by deltaproteobacteria (Desulfovibrio sp.) Archaeal results indicate a dominance of Crenarchaeota, particularly Thermoproteales, followed by Desulfurococcales. More detailed analysis of microbial communities is currently underway.

Data Project Maintainers
NameAffiliationRole
Roy E. PriceStony Brook University - SoMAS (SUNY-SB SoMAS)Principal Investigator
Jan P. AmendUniversity of Southern California (USC)Co-Principal Investigator
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